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                <h1 id="谁说只有Python才能写爬虫了？Javaer转身甩出这个框架：给爷爬！"><a href="#谁说只有Python才能写爬虫了？Javaer转身甩出这个框架：给爷爬！" class="headerlink" title="谁说只有Python才能写爬虫了？Javaer转身甩出这个框架：给爷爬！"></a>谁说只有Python才能写爬虫了？Javaer转身甩出这个框架：给爷爬！</h1><p>大家好，我是爱撸码的开源大叔。</p>
<p>相信很多小伙伴对爬虫很感兴趣，遇到网上有用的信息，总想把他们批量保存下来。如果都手工的去复制粘贴，费时间费精力，而且还不符合程序员的作风。所以这时候写一个小爬虫，晚上睡觉时让他勤劳的给我们打工干活就好了。</p>
<p>不过一提到爬虫，就避不开 Python。只要一搜爬虫入门教程，满篇都是教你如何使用 Python 爬虫。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/tinybye/forArticle/raw/master/xiu/20211107011810.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p>诚然，Python 简单、高效、易用以及丰富的库与爬虫框架，是新手在入门爬虫时的最佳选择。但是我们 Java 开发者就不配用 Java 写爬虫了吗？我就是想在工作之余简单的爬取一批页面，想使用<strong>熟悉的语言</strong>快速实现这个小功能，你还得让我去学个 Python？</p>
<p>作为一名爱撸码的老程序员，自然是认可多掌握些语言和技术，把路走宽这个道理的。但是如果自己熟悉的语言有一个<strong>好上手，开箱即用</strong>的爬虫框架，一解燃眉之急，是不是就可以在短时间内高效的完成自己的目标呢？</p>
<p>那么就分享给广大Java程序员一个好用的爬虫框架，Jsoup。</p>
<h2 id="快速入门"><a href="#快速入门" class="headerlink" title="快速入门"></a>快速入门</h2><h3 id="1-引入依赖"><a href="#1-引入依赖" class="headerlink" title="1.引入依赖"></a>1.引入依赖</h3><pre><code>&lt;dependency&gt;
    &lt;groupId&gt;org.jsoup&lt;/groupId&gt;
    &lt;artifactId&gt;jsoup&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    &lt;version&gt;1.14.3&lt;/version&gt; &lt;!-- or latest version --&gt;
&lt;/dependency&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="2-一行代码返回页面"><a href="#2-一行代码返回页面" class="headerlink" title="2.一行代码返回页面"></a>2.一行代码返回页面</h3><p>只需要一行代码即可对一个链接发起请求，返回页面数据。</p>
<pre><code>Document document = Jsoup.connect(url).get();
</code></pre>
<p>好了，你已经掌握了 Jsoup 的使用方式，这篇文章就分享到这里了，我们下期再见……</p>
<p>开个玩笑哈，确实，使用 Jsoup 请求一个页面，就是这么简单。但是我们还要对页面信息进行解析，从一个复杂的 HTML 文档中找到我们要信息。先来简单的介绍一下 Jsoup 常见的类以及 api，方便后续的介绍。</p>
<h2 id="常见类与api"><a href="#常见类与api" class="headerlink" title="常见类与api"></a>常见类与api</h2><h3 id="1-常见的类"><a href="#1-常见的类" class="headerlink" title="1.常见的类"></a>1.常见的类</h3><p>Jsoup 常见的几个类，都是对应 HTML DOM 中的概念。通过对以下几个类的操作，就可以从一个 HTML 页面获取自己想要的数据啦。</p>
<ol>
<li>Document 类，对应 HTML DOM Document 对象</li>
<li>Element 类，对应 HTML 的 DOM 元素，比如 <p>、<div>、<a> 等</li>
<li>Attribute，对应 HTML 中的属性，比如一个 div 元素里的 class、id 等</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="2-常用api"><a href="#2-常用api" class="headerlink" title="2.常用api"></a>2.常用api</h3><p>首先，介绍一下获取 DOM 元素的 api，都是属于 Element 类中定义的方法。</p>
<ol>
<li>getElementById(String id)：通过 id 获取元素，非常精准。</li>
<li>getElementsByTag(String tag)：根据标签名获取元素的集合，比如：</li>
</ol>
<pre><code>document.getElementsByTag(&quot;p&quot;)
</code></pre>
<p>会获取到所有 <p> 标签的元素，方便我们进一步从中抓取想要的文本。</p>
<ol>
<li>getElementsByClass(String className)：根据 class 名称获取元素的集合，比如：</li>
</ol>
<pre><code>document.getElementsByClass(&quot;item&quot;)
</code></pre>
<p>会获取所有 class 为 item 的元素。一般页面的列表项会指定相同的 class，所以这个方法方便我们直接获取指定的列表内容。</p>
<ol>
<li>getElementsByAttribute(String key)：根据属性名称获取元素的集合，比如：</li>
</ol>
<pre><code>document.getElementsByAttribute(&quot;href&quot;)
</code></pre>
<p>这样我们就可以获取全部有链接属性的元素，方便去跳转爬取该页面涉及到的其他页面。</p>
<p>获取到 DOM 元素，接下来我们还需要获取这个元素的属性、文本等数据。</p>
<ol>
<li>attr(String key)：获取元素中某属性的值。比如：element.attr(“class”)，可以获取当前元素 class 属性的值。</li>
<li>attributes()：获取元素的所有属性。我们可以对全部属性进行遍历或者其他处理。</li>
<li>id()、className() 、classNames()：获取元素的 id 值、class 值以及全部 class 值的集合。这几个方法的底层都是 attr(String key) 方法，实际上是方便我们使用的快速实现。</li>
<li>text()：获取元素的全部文本内容。我们不用手动遍历当前元素的所有子节点去获取文本信息，这个方法会直接把所有文本拼接到一起并返回。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="举个例子"><a href="#举个例子" class="headerlink" title="举个例子"></a>举个例子</h2><p>好了，说了这么多，是时候实战一波了。我们以爬虫入门经典案例，豆瓣电影 Top250 页面为例，来看看 Jsoup 具体是怎么使用的。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/tinybye/forArticle/raw/master/xiu/20211107011819.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p>因为只是个示例，所以我们的目标简单一些，爬取这一页电影名称即可。</p>
<p>首先，我们直接 F12 看一下页面的源码，会发现影片名称是一个 class 为 title 的 <span> 标签，如图：</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/tinybye/forArticle/raw/master/xiu/20211107011825.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p>而电影的名称有多个，其他的名称会用 / 符号来分割。所以思路来了，只要我们获取到这个页面所有 class 值为 title 的元素，过滤掉带有 / 的文本，就可以啦。代码如下：</p>
<pre><code>public static void printMovieName() throws IOException &#123;

    // 豆瓣电影Top250
    String url = &quot;https://movie.douban.com/top250&quot;;

    // 获取页面
    Document document = Jsoup.connect(url).get();

    // 根据class获取元素集合
    Elements titles = document.getElementsByClass(&quot;title&quot;);
    int index = 1;
    for (Element title : titles) &#123;
        String text = title.text();
        // 过滤掉电影的其他名称
        if (!text.contains(&quot;/&quot;)) &#123;
            System.out.println(&quot;No.&quot; + index + &quot; &quot; + text);
            index++;
        &#125;
    &#125;
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/tinybye/forArticle/raw/master/xiu/20211107011839.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h2><p>怎么样，用 Jsoup 写爬虫是不是非常的简单？当然，在这个简单的例子的基础上，我们可以实现更复杂的逻辑，比如：</p>
<ul>
<li>获取分页链接继续爬取后续页面的内容；</li>
<li>爬取影片的完整信息，并保存到数据库中；</li>
<li>将影片的图片保存到本地或者上传到图床。</li>
</ul>
<p>这些逻辑对于一个熟练掌握 Java 语言的程序员来说，都是很容易实现的事情。这也是为什么，我认为 Java 程序员使用自己的本职语言来开发爬虫，效率会更高一些。因为日常的搬砖操作可以让我们更熟练的处理爬取到的数据。爬虫只是获取数据的一个方式，对于数据的处理和使用也是非常重要的一部分。</p>
<p>温馨提示：我们要<strong>合法使用爬虫</strong>哦。通过网站域名 +robots.txt 来查看爬虫协议，判断是否可以使用爬虫爬取信息，比如：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.douban.com/robots.txt%E3%80%82%E5%90%8C%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%87%E8%AE%B0**%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96%E6%95%8F%E6%84%9F%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF**%EF%BC%8C%E5%B9%B6%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E7%89%9F%E5%88%A9%EF%BC%81">https://www.douban.com/robots.txt。同时，切记**不要爬取敏感信息**，并进行牟利！</a></p>
<p>好啦，今天大叔的分享就到这里了，在公众号后台回复【爬虫】即可获取项目源码地址。看完文章后，趁着搬砖摸鱼之时，赶快试试吧。</p>

                
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